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1. Storage Building Blocks

Differentiate access models and trace an application request through the logical layers that turn physical capacity into usable storage.

Level: Foundation · Time: 35 minutes · Prerequisite: none

LayerProvidesDoes not automatically provide
Block storageaddressable fixed-size blocks exposed as a device/LUNfiles, directories or shared-file coordination
File storagenamed files and directories through a filesystem protocolraw block control to the client
Object storagekey/object access with metadata through an APIPOSIX block or file semantics by default
application → file/database → filesystem or volume manager → block device/LUN
→ host path → fabric/network → controller → pool/RAID → media

A LUN is an addressable block-storage presentation. A host may place a partition table, volume manager, filesystem, database or hypervisor datastore above it. These terms are layers, not interchangeable synonyms.

Open the Universal RAID Planner and create an eight-disk layout. Record raw capacity, usable capacity, protection overhead and tolerated failures. Explain where that usable capacity could appear in the path above.

  1. Why can two filesystems not safely mount the same ordinary block device for independent writes?
  2. Which layer gives an application directories and filenames?
  3. Why is a LUN not the same thing as a physical disk?

Real arrays may virtualize pools, extents, compression and thin allocation. Product terminology varies; confirm the vendor’s exact object hierarchy before operating it.

Continue to Performance Fundamentals and use the glossary whenever a term is unfamiliar.